The subject of logic has been under discussion for at least three thousand years without any clean breakthrough of real use to those who work with data.
“Logic” means the subject of reasoning. Some in ages past have sought to label it a science. But that can be discarded as
If there were such a “science,” men would be able to think. And they can’t.
The term itself is utterly
Yet logic or the ability to reason is vital to an organizer or administrator. If he cannot think clearly, he will not be able to reach the conclusions vital to make correct decisions.
Many agencies, governments, societies, groups
Thus logic has not been a supported subject, rather the opposite.
Even Western schools have sought to convince students they should study geometry as “that is the way they think.” And of course it isn’t.
The administrator, the manager, the
Their
Modern man thinks mathematics can serve him for logic and most of his situations go utterly adrift because of this touching and misplaced confidence. The complexity of human problems and the vast number of factors involved make mathematics utterly inadequate.
Computers are at best only crutches to the mind. Yet the
Computers can’t think because the rules of live logic aren’t fully known to man and computer builders. One false datum fed into a computer gives one a completely wrong answer.
If people on management and work lines do not know logic, an organization can go adrift and require a fabulous amount of genius to hold it together and keep it running.
Whole civilizations vanish because of lack of logic in its rulers, leaders and people.
So this is a very important subject.
Unlocking Logic
The breakthrough is a simple one:
BY ESTABLISHING THE WAYS IN WHICH THINGS BECOME ILLOGICAL, ONE CAN THEN ESTABLISH WHAT IS LOGIC.
In other words, if one has a grasp of what makes things illogical or irrational (or crazy, if you please) it is then possible to conceive of what makes things logical.
Illogics
There are specific ways for a relay of information or a situation to become illogical. These are the things which cause one to have an incorrect idea of a situation. Each different way is called an
Omitted Data
An omitted anything is an outpoint.
This can be an omitted person, terminal (person who sends, receives and relays communication), object, energy, space, time, form, sequence or even an omitted scene. Anything that can be omitted that should be there is an outpoint.
This is easily the most overlooked outpoint as it isn’t there to directly attract attention.
Altered Sequence
Any things, events, objects, sizes, in a wrong sequence is an outpoint.
The number series 3, 7, 1, 2, 4, 6, 5 is an altered sequence, or an incorrect sequence.
Doing step two of a sequence of actions before doing step one can be counted on to tangle any sequence of actions.
The basic outness is no sequence at all. (An
“Sequence” means linear (in a line) travel either through space or time or both.
A sequence that should be one and isn’t is an outpoint.
A “sequence” that isn’t but is thought to be one is an outpoint.
A
One’s hardest task sometimes is indicating an inevitable sequence into the future that is invisible to another. This is a consequence. “If you saw off the limb you are sitting on you will of course fall.” Police try to bring this home often to people who have no concept of sequence; so the threat of punishment works well on well-behaved citizens and not at all on criminals since they often are criminals because they can’t think in sequence—they are simply fixated. “If you kill a man you will be hanged,” is an indicated sequence. A murderer fixated on revenge cannot think in sequence. One has to think in sequences to have correct sequences.
Therefore, it is far more common than one would at first imagine to see altered sequences since persons who do not think in sequence do not see altered sequences in their own actions or areas.
Visualizing sequences and drills in shifting attention can clean this up and restore it as a
Motion pictures and TV were spotted by a writer as fixating attention and not permitting it to travel. Where one had TV-raised children, it would follow, one possibly would have people with a tendency to altered sequences or no sequences at all.
Dropped Time
Time that should be noted and isn’t would be an outpoint of “dropped time.” It is a special case of an omitted datum. Dropped time has a peculiarly ferocious effect that adds up to utter lunacy.
A news bulletin from 1814 and one from 1922 read consecutively without time assigned produces otherwise undetectable madness.
A summary report of a situation containing events strung over half a year without saying so can provoke a reaction not in keeping with the current scene.
In madmen the present is the dropped time, leaving them in the haunted past. Just telling a group of madmen to “come up to
Time aberrations (illogicalities) are so strong that dropped time well qualifies as an outpoint.
Falsehood
When you hear two facts that are contrary, one is a falsehood or both are.
Willful or unintentional, a falsehood is an outpoint. It may be a mistake or a calculated or defensive falsehood and it is still an outpoint.
A false anything qualifies for this outpoint. A false being,
Fiction that does not pretend to be anything else is of course not a falsehood.
So the falsehood means “other than it appears” or “other than represented.”
One does not have to concern oneself to define
Altered Importance
An importance shifted from its actual relative importance, up or down, is an outpoint.
Something can be assigned an importance greater than it has.
Something can be assigned an importance less than it has.
A number of things of different importances can be assigned a monotone of importance.
These are all outpoints, three versions of the same thing.
All importances are relative to their actuality.
Wrong Target
A mistaken objective
This is commonly mistaken identity. It is also mistaken purposes or goals.
“If we tear down X we will be okay” often results in disclosure that it should have been Y.
Killing the king to be free from taxation leaves the tax collector alive for the next
Injustice is usually a wrong target outpoint.
Arrest the drug consumer, award the drug company would be an example.
Military
And most dislikes and spontaneous hates in human relations are based on mistaken associations of Bill for Pete.
A large sum of
Incorrectly tell a patient he has ulcers when he hasn’t and he’s hung with an outpoint which impedes recovery.
The
Wrong Source
“Wrong source” is the
Information taken from wrong source, orders taken from the wrong source, gifts or materiel (supplies) taken from wrong source all add up to eventual confusion and possible trouble.
Not only taking data from wrong source but
In a lesser level, taking a report from a known bad hat (corrupt or worthless person) and acting upon it is the usual reason for errors made in management.
Contrary Facts
When two statements are made on one subject which are contrary to each other, we have “contrary facts.”
This illogic could be classified as a falsehood, since one of them must be false.
But in investigatory procedure one cannot offhand distinguish which is the false fact. Thus it becomes a special outpoint.
“The company made an above average income that week” and “They couldn’t pay the employees” occurring in the same time period gives us one or both as false. We may not know which is true but we do know they are contrary and can so label it.
In interrogation this point is so important that anyone giving two contrary facts becomes a prime suspect for further investigation. “I am a Swiss citizen” as a statement from someone who has had a German passport found in his baggage would be an example.
When two “facts” are contrary or contradictory, we may not know which is true but we do know they can’t both be true.
Issued by the same organization, even from two different people in that organization, two contradictory “facts” qualifies as an outpoint.
Added Time
In this outpoint we have the reverse of dropped time. In added time we have, as the most common example, something taking longer than it possibly could. To this degree it is a version of conflicting data—for example, something takes three weeks to do but it is reported as taking six months. But added time must be called to attention as an outpoint in its own right for there is a tendency to be “reasonable” about it and not see that it is an outpoint in itself.
In its most severe sense, added time becomes a very serious outpoint when, for example, two or more events occur at the same moment involving, let us say, the same person who could not have experienced both. Time had to be added to the physical universe for the data to be true. Like this: “I left for Saigon at midnight on April 21, 1962, by ship from San Francisco.” “I took over my duties at Saigon on April 30, 1962.” Here we have to add time to the physical universe for both events to occur as a ship would take two or three weeks to get from San Francisco to “Saigon.”
Another instance, a true occurrence and better example of added time, happened when a checklist of actions it would take a month to complete was sent to a junior executive and compliance was received in full in the next return mail. The checklist was in her hands only one day! She would have had to add twenty-nine days to the physical universe for the compliance report to be true. This was also dropped time on her part.
Added Inapplicable Data
Just plain added data does not necessarily constitute an outpoint. It may be someone being thorough. But when the data is in no way applicable to the scene or situation and is added, it is a definite outpoint.
Often added data is put there to cover up neglect of duty or mask a real situation. It certainly means the person is obscuring something.
Usually added data also contains other types of outpoints like wrong target or added time.
In using this outpoint be very sure you also understand the word inapplicable and see that it is only an outpoint if the data itself does not apply to the subject at hand.
Incorrectly Included Datum
There is an outpoint called incorrectly included datum, which is a companion to the omitted datum as an outpoint.
This most commonly occurs when, in the mind, the scene itself is missing and the first thing needed to classify data (scene) is not there.
An example is camera storage by someone who has no idea of types of cameras. Instead of classifying all the needful bits of a certain camera in one box, one inevitably gets the lens hoods of all cameras jumbled into one box marked “lens hoods.” To assemble or use the camera one spends hours trying to find its parts in boxes neatly labeled “camera backs,” “lenses,” “tripods,” etc.
Here, when the scene of what a set-up camera looks like and operates like, is missing, one gets a closer identification of data than exists. lens hoods are lens hoods. Tripods are tripods. Thus a wrong system of classification occurs out of scene ignorance.
A traveler unable to distinguish one uniform from another “solves” it by classifying all uniforms as “porters.” Hands his bag to an arrogant police captain and that’s how he spent his vacation, in jail.
Lack of the scene brings about too tight an identification of one thing with another.
A newly
Times change data classification. In 1920 anyone with a camera near a seaport was a spy. In 1960 anyone not carrying a camera couldn’t be a tourist so was watched!
So the scene for one cultural period is not the scene for another.
There are three other types of outpoints which should be known for use in an investigation. These are as follows:
Handling Data
There are hundreds of ways these mishandlings of data can then give one a completely false picture.
When basing actions or orders on data which contains one of the above, one then makes a mistake.
REASON DEPENDS ON DATA.
WHEN DATA IS FAULTY (as above) THE ANSWER WILL BE WRONG AND LOOKED UPON AS UNREASONABLE.
There are a vast number of combinations of these data. More than one (or all) may be present in the same report.
Observation and its communication may contain one of these illogics.
If so, then any effort to handle the situation will be ineffective in correcting or handling it.
Use
If any body of data is given the above tests, it is often exposed as an invitation to acting illogically.
To achieve a logical answer one must have logical data.
Any body of data which contains one or more of the above faults can lead one into illogical conclusions.
The basis of an unreasonable or unworkable order is a conclusion which is made illogical by possessing one or more of the above faults.
something that gives a false show or claim and so deceives others.
the quality or condition of being pompous, characterized by an exaggerated display of self-importance or dignity.
unfriendly or threatening.
take advantage of; turn something to one’s advantage.
extremely bad or unpleasant, miserable.
a principle which is strongly supported by some people. A wretched cause is a cause that is promoted by some as being vitally necessary but that brings only death and destruction, as for example a war or any similar situation in which many people suffer.
a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
a variation of stock in trade, any resources, practices or devices characteristically employed by a given person or group.
overlaid with a coating of chromium, a glossy, fairly soft, gray metal that resists corrosion and becomes bright and shiny when polished. Chromium plating has been used on many different items including automobile accessories to give a bright, modern appearance. Used figuratively to describe something that has an attractive surface layer but that is not as modern and advanced as it appears.
Scientology is a practical religion dealing with the study of knowledge, which through application of its technology can bring about desirable changes in the conditions of life. It was developed over a third of a century by L. Ron Hubbard. The term Scientology is taken from the Latin word scio (knowing, in the fullest meaning of the word) and the Greek word logos (study of). Scientology is further defined as the study and handling of the spirit in relationship to itself, universes and other life.
the accomplishment of any desired improvement. Examples of wins would be a person increasing his ability to communicate, experiencing an increased feeling of well-being or gaining more certainty about some area of his life.
difficult to deal with; requiring great skill to overcome; challenging.
any one of several specific ways in which a relay of information or a situation can become illogical; any one datum offered as true that is in fact found to be illogical.
a condition or instance of something being wrong, incorrect or missing.
a word ending used to mean concerning or related to a particular thing, as in “subjectwise,” relating to a subject.
of or relating to the expression put the cart before the horse, deal with matters in an incorrect or reverse order, as because of illogical reasoning.
one of the powers of the mind, as memory, reason or speech.
the time which is now and which becomes the past almost as rapidly as it is observed. It is a term loosely applied to the environment existing in now.
information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular cause or point of view.
cause or bring about.
anything that can receive, relay or send a communication. This term comes from the field of electronics where a terminal is one of two fixed points between which a flow of energy travels. An example of this is a car battery which has two connecting posts (terminals) where energy flows from one post to the other. In Scientology, two people communicating are called terminals because communication flows between them.
of or relating to that branch of knowledge or study (philosophy) devoted to the systematic examination of basic concepts such as truth, existence, reality and freedom.
in which (matter, fact, etc.).
a form of government or rule; political system.
the methods of employing troops, ships, aircraft, etc., in a combat, usually in reference to short-range objectives.
The term “strategy” is derived from the Greek words strategos, which means “general,” stratos, which means “army,” agein, meaning “to lead.” Strategy refers to a plan for the overall conduct of a war or sector of it.
a departure from rational thought or behavior; irrational thought or conduct. It means basically to err, to make mistakes, or more specifically to have fixed ideas which are not true. The word is also used in its scientific sense. It means departure from a straight line. If a line should go from A to B, then if it is aberrated it would go from A to some other point, to some other point, to some other point, to some other point, to some other point, and finally arrive at B. Taken in this sense, it would also mean the lack of straightness or to see crookedly as, for example, a man sees a horse but thinks he sees an elephant. Aberrated conduct would be wrong conduct, or conduct not supported by reason. Aberration is opposed to sanity, which would be its opposite. From the Latin, aberrare, to wander from; Latin, ab, away, errare, to wander.
energetic application and devotion of oneself to a task or work.
a period of 1,000 years.
the other aspect or point of view of something. This phrase comes from the fact that a coin has two sides, usually with a different appearance on each.
unknowingly; unconsciously; without awareness.
of or pertaining to the gathering, distribution and evaluation of information, especially secret information about an enemy or potential enemy.
former republic of central Europe, formed in 1949 after World War II. East Germany was established when the former country of Germany was split into West Germany and East Germany. East Germany was ruled by a communist government and later became a key part of the Soviet group of nations.
false information, as about a country’s military strength or plans, publicly announced or planted in the news media, especially of other countries.
the methods of application of an art or science as opposed to mere knowledge of the science or art itself. In Scientology, the term technology refers to the methods of application of Scientology principles to improve the functions of the mind and rehabilitate the potentials of the spirit, developed by L. Ron Hubbard.
a German university founded in 1409 in the city of Leipzig in east-central Germany. In the late 1800s, modern psychology and the false doctrine that Man is no more than an animal were developed there by Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920), German psychologist and physiologist (specialist in the study of the functions of physical, living things and the ways in which their parts and organs work).
created an opportunity for; provided the means of getting or reaching something.
Adolf Hitler (1889–1945), German political leader of the twentieth century who dreamed of creating a master race that would rule for a thousand years as the third German Empire. Taking over rule of Germany by force in 1933 as a dictator, he began World War II (1939–1945), subjecting much of Europe to his domination and murdering millions of Jews and others considered “inferior.” He committed suicide in 1945 when Germany’s defeat was imminent.
a senior member of the government, as in the United Kingdom, who is in charge of a government department or a branch of one.
a great many. From the word score, meaning twenty.
officials as a class or as a body.
summoned for active military duty.
one of the lowest-ranking officers in the army or navy, who gains his rank by graduation from a military or naval academy.
a junior level officer in the US Army, Air Force or Marine Corps and often in charge of training the troops.
places or puts, especially with haste or energy.
a pronunciation of his hat in the cockney dialect. Cockney refers to certain long-established London residents, particularly those of the East End of London, and to the dialect of English spoken by them since at least the sixteenth century.
a permanent military unit usually consisting of several thousand soldiers.